How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can affect adults as well. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can improve the quality of life for a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members can be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist may examine the school records of the past to determine if the symptoms started as an infant.
Symptoms
Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying well-organized from time to time, but for someone who suffers from ADHD, these problems interfere with work, school and even home life. To be diagnosed with the disorder, someone must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly affect the daily functioning. The symptoms must have also been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about their symptoms, as well as about any medical issues and family history. They may also use rating scales to measure adult's or child's symptoms. These types of questionnaires are typically constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults might be asked to talk to their spouse or someone who knows them well. This is not to question the patient's honesty, but rather to gain more insight about their behavior that cannot be obtained through a questionnaire. They could inquire about their childhood behaviors and consult old school records to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and run tests in the lab to rule out other conditions out, such as thyroid problems or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the patient's list of medications. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other conditions. It is essential that adults talk to their primary health care providers when they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD, the symptoms must be evident in at least two places (such as at home, school and at work) and cause impairment to functioning. They also must have begun before age 12, and the impairment cannot be caused by another disorder, like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will employ different tools to assess the patient, such as ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour and a thorough medical history. They may also interview family members or friends to find out how the symptoms affect them. They may also inquire if there are any other psychiatric conditions or physical illnesses that display similar symptoms.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also review the patient's medical and familial history to determine if there are root causes behind their condition for example, thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some instances an evaluator might decide to conduct a cognitive test or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities, mood disorders personality disorders, and alcohol abuse. People who suffer from these issues typically present differently than those who do not have them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls display inattentional symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical study to test new treatments. While this is a fantastic way to help further research, it is important for participants to know that the purpose behind these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you have ADHD seek out a specialist who is qualified to identify the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire if ADHD specialists will be covered. You may also ask your family doctor or other health professionals for referrals. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will speak with the patient -- or their parents, in the case of children -- about symptoms. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and request information from other people in the patient's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight often uncovers more than can be discovered from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to examine any records the person might have, including old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is often determined by the past of the individual. To be considered diagnosed the symptoms must be present from the age of a child (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical exam is also performed. It will look for any other medical problems that could be the cause of symptoms, like seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological exam is usually performed by a specialist to test motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, which are designed to measure the ability and intelligence of a person, could be utilized too. Additionally the person could be asked to perform simple computer tasks that evaluate attention and memory. This could help an expert determine if the person is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will choose a treatment plan and make an appropriate diagnosis. The typical treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping techniques and help change negative thinking patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary doctor or a mental health professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medication. However it is not the only treatment for the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of both can be beneficial for children, teens and adults. These therapies aid them in coping and live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and ways to manage it, can be included. They can also include family members, teachers and professionals.
It's crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can request suggestions from others who suffer from ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or conduct an online search. It is essential to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
To determine if your child has ADHD to determine the cause, a health care professional will inquire about your or your child's symptoms as well as the problems caused by the condition. They will conduct physical examinations and check for any other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of you or your child and also school records and other reports.
Diagnosing ADHD in adults can be more difficult because the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily geared towards diagnosing children. Your doctor may interview you or your children about their symptoms and have other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. Medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine, or other antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD have comorbid disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy which teaches techniques such as time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
In addition, therapists can help patients manage their symptoms through lifestyle modifications. For instance exercising regularly can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is also important; people with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat, and eat fewer fruits and vegetables than others. In addition making relationships with family and friends a priority can lower stress levels and allow people to feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better understand their challenges. For instance, a child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating his or her needs to teachers and peers however, when a teacher realizes that it's not due to a lack of motivation accommodations can be implemented.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions geared to the individual's age, speak with family and teachers, review medical files, and check for any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from school could help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
A physical exam is often included, and the specialist will likely test for hearing and vision problems. adhd adults diagnosis or she will also conduct a blood test to determine the presence of certain hormones and other health conditions that can cause ADHD-like symptoms.